Hello, dear Jetto Net followers!

Welcome to our Java Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) series. In our previous post, we examined inner classes that allow for defining classes within classes. In this article, we will explore how Java can handle unexpected situations more gracefully. By using "exception handling," we can prevent the program from crashing suddenly and provide a better user experience.

What is an Exception?

Exceptions are unexpected events that disrupt the normal flow of a program. For example, failing to find a file when attempting to open it, dividing a number by zero, or accessing an element outside the bounds of an array are all examples of exceptions. Exceptions can cause a program to crash, so it's crucial to anticipate and handle these situations appropriately to ensure smooth program operation.

What is Exception Handling?

Exception Handling is a mechanism for detecting and properly handling exceptions that occur during the runtime of a program. In Java, exception handling is done using try-catch-finally blocks.

try { // Code that may cause an exception
} catch(Exception1 e1) {
   // If an Exception1 type exception is thrown, handle it here
} catch(Exception2 e2) {
   // If an Exception2 type exception is thrown, handle it here
}finally {
    // Code to be executed whether an exception occurs or not
}

• try block: Contains code that may cause an exception.
• catch block: Contains code to handle exceptions when they occur. Multiple catch blocks can be used to handle different types of exceptions.
• finally block: Contains code that will be executed regardless of whether an exception occurs or not. It is commonly used to release resources (e.g., closing files).

Types of Exceptions

In Java, there are two types of exceptions:

1. Checked Exceptions: Exceptions that are checked by the compiler. We must either catch these exceptions using a try-catch block or declare them in the method signature with the throws keyword. Examples include IOException and SQLException.
2. Unchecked Exceptions: Exceptions that are not checked by the compiler. While not required to catch these exceptions, doing so is good practice. Examples include ArithmeticException, NullPointerException, and ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

Exception Throwing

Exception throwing involves creating an exception object and sending it to the calling method when an error condition occurs. We can throw an exception object using the throw keyword.

if (number == 0) {
    throw new ArithmeticException("Number cannot be divided by zero!");
}

Conclusion

Exception handling is a crucial mechanism in Java for developing more reliable and sophisticated programs. By using exception handling, we can anticipate unexpected situations, handle them appropriately, and provide a better user experience.

In our next post, we will continue to explore other important OOP concepts. Feel free to leave your questions or comments in the section below.

Happy Coding!